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Adolf Gawalewicz (born 2 September 1916 in Lvov; died 11 June 1987 in Cracow) was a Polish jurist and writer best known for his memoirs of his years at Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps. ==Life and work== Gawalewicz spent his childhood and high-school years in Lvov, graduating from ''gimnazjum'' in 1935, and then in June 1939, obtained a law degree from the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. He worked for a time in the municipal administration of the city of Cracow. After the Nazi invasion of Poland he participated in underground resistance and distributed underground publications, activities for which he was arrested by the Nazis on 16 September 1940, and incarcerated in the Montelupich Prison. On 9 January 1941, he was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp where he was assigned inmate number 9225. Władysław Fejkiel (19111995) reports that in the winter of 1941/42 Gawalewicz was brought to the camp's infirmary in a state of unconsciousness and so extremely emaciated that his body weight could not have been more than 35 kg; the medic's first thought was to prepare his death certificate.〔Władysław Fejkiel, "Starvation in Auschwitz"; in: ''From the History of KL-Auschwitz'', vol. 1, ed. Kazimierz Smoleń, tr. K. Michalik, Oświęcim, Państwowe Muzeum w Oświęcimiu, 1967, pp. 131132.〕 The nightmare of Auschwitz continued for Gawalewicz for nearly three and a half years, and later continued, from the middle of June 1944 onwards, at successive Nazi concentration camps: Buchenwald, Dachau, Mittelbau-Dora, Ellrich, and Bergen-Belsen. At the time of his liberation by British forces, he was in a state of total exhaustion and afflicted by a serious pulmonary condition. In view of this, he was evacuated to a sanatorium in Sweden on 24 June 1945, where owing to a successful lung operation and a lengthy convalescence his health was partly restored. He returned to Poland on 5 July 1946, and resumed his work in the municipal administration of Cracow. In 1948, he obtained a doctorate in law with a thesis on the "Implications of the Nazi Occupation of Poland on the Laws of Civil Administration". He then dedicated himself to writing, authoring numerous publications and articles in the field of Nazi concentration camps studies as well as in his professional domain of jurisprudence. His most famous book is ''Refleksje z poczekalni do gazu: ze wspomnień muzułmana'' (''Reflections in the Gas Chamber's Waiting Room: From the Memoirs of a Muselmann'') first published in 1968 (3rd ed., 2000), which, apart from being a personal memoir, is a study of the moral questions posed by the specific conditions of a Nazi concentration camp experience.〔Adolf Gawalewicz, ''Refleksje z poczekalni do gazu: ze wspomnień muzułmana'', Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1968. 165 pp.〕 The text ranks among the preeminent testimonials of such Holocaust survivors as Tadeusz Borowski, Halina Birenbaum, Primo Levi, and Elie Wiesel, who addressed the question of moral choice.〔Alicja Bialecka, "In the Shadow of Auschwitz"; in: ''Working to Make a Difference: The Personal and Pedagogical Stories of Holocaust Educators across the Globe'', ed. S. Totten, Lanham (Maryland), Lexington Books, 2003, p. 201. ISBN 0739105078.〕 Giorgio Agamben, for his part, chose to highlight Gawalewicz's observation that the abnormal conditions of the camp accounted for the aggravation of the normal physical and psychological differences between men. Agamben quotes Gawalewicz as saying: "Camp conditions made these differences more pronounced, and we often witnessed reversals of the roles played by physical and psychological factors."〔Giorgio Agamben, ''Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive'', tr. D. Heller-Roazen, New York City, Zone Books, 1999, p. 167. ISBN 1890951161, ISBN 189095117X.〕 Patricia Treece brings out Gawalewicz's sophisticated analysis of the six distinct ways in which the concentration-camp system served the larger, but not readily apparent, purposes of Nazi Germany.〔Patricia Treece, ''A Man for Others: Maximilian Kolbe, Saint of Auschwitz, in the words of those who knew him'', San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1982, p. 129 and ''passim''. ISBN 006067069X.〕 Gawalewicz participated as a material witness in the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials in the 1960s. During the trial, he sparred with Nazi war criminal, Josef Klehr.〔Hermann Langbein, ''People in Auschwitz'', tr. H. Zohn, Chapel Hill (North Carolina), The University of North Carolina Press (''published in association with the'' United States Holocaust Memorial Museum), 2004, p. 207. ISBN 0807828165. In this work Adolf Gawalewicz is consistently, but incorrectly, called "Adam Gawalewicz". The original German edition of Langbein's book, ''Menschen in Auschwitz'', correctly identifies Gawalewicz as "Adolf Gawalewicz".〕 The transcript of the exchange was published (in the original German version) in Hermann Langbein's monumental ''Der Auschwitz-Prozess: eine Dokumentation'' (1965).〔Hermann Langbein, ''Der Auschwitz-Prozess: eine Dokumentation'', vol. 2, Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Neue Kritik, 1995, pp. 731ff., 895ff., 947. ISBN 380150283X. (Reprint of the 1965 ed.)〕 During the post-War discussions on the final shape that Auschwitz was to assume as a museum for posterity, he expressed the opinion, which he believed would be shared by all former inmates, as opposed to those who never experienced the camp as it was in real life, that as much as possible it should be left completely intact, without any decorative or modernizing changes, especially in the outdoor spaces. He wrote for a former prisoner: Every perspective of the external structure, every stair, every brick or what might otherwise seem an insignificant detail is invested with the memory of the immeasurable immensity of suffering and dignity, of degradation and pride. Likewise the vision of dearest friends the fellow inmates is inextricably bound up with the camp as it was when ''they'' existed.〔Adolf Gawalewicz, "Czym ma być Oświęcim?" (What is to Become of Auschwitz?), ''Dziennik Polski'' (Cracow), vol. 3, No. 217 (901), 11 August 1947, p. 3.〕 He died suddenly in Cracow on 11 June 1987. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adolf Gawalewicz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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